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財(cái)務(wù)英語

頒布時(shí)間:2005/1/19 12:12:08

 

1)會計(jì)與會計(jì)理論
會計(jì) accounting  決策人 Decision Maker 投資人Investor      

股東 Shareholder    債權(quán)人 Creditor   財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì) Financial Accounting     管理會計(jì) Management Accounting         成本會計(jì) Cost Accounting    私業(yè)會計(jì) Private Accounting            公眾會計(jì) Public Accounting
注冊會計(jì)師 CPA  Certified Public Accountant             
國際會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會 IASC      美國注冊會計(jì)師協(xié)會 AICPA      財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會 FASB          管理會計(jì)協(xié)會 IMA
美國會計(jì)學(xué)會 AAA  稅務(wù)稽核署 IRS 獨(dú)資企業(yè) Proprietorship  
合伙人企業(yè) Partnership        公司 Corporation     
會計(jì)目標(biāo) Accounting Objectives 會計(jì)假設(shè) Accounting Assumptions
會計(jì)要素 Accounting Elements       會計(jì)原則 Accounting Principles 
會計(jì)實(shí)務(wù)過程 Accounting Procedures    財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Financial Statements
財(cái)務(wù)分析 Financial Analysis         會計(jì)主體假設(shè) Separate-entity Assumption
貨幣計(jì)量假設(shè) Unit-of-measure Assumption
持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設(shè) Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption
會計(jì)分期假設(shè) Time-period Assumption     資產(chǎn) Asset   負(fù)債 Liability 
業(yè)主權(quán)益 Owner’s Equity      收入 Revenue  費(fèi)用 Expense  
收益 Income        虧損 Loss  
歷史成本原則 Cost Principle 收入實(shí)現(xiàn)原則 Revenue Principle   
配比原則 Matching Principle    全面披露原則 Full-disclosure (Reporting) principle      
客觀性原則 Objective Principle  一致性原則 Consistent Principle     可比性原則 Comparability Principle                    重大性原則 Materiality Principle                     
穩(wěn)健性原則 Conservatism Principle                權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制 Accrual Basis  現(xiàn)金收付制 Cash Basis                                      財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告 Financial Report               流動資產(chǎn) Current assets                                     流動負(fù)債 Current Liabilities               長期負(fù)債 Long-term Liabilities                            投入資本 Contributed Capital             
留存收益 Retained Earning
2)會計(jì)循環(huán)
會計(jì)循環(huán) Accounting Procedure/Cycle  會計(jì)信息系統(tǒng) Accounting information System
帳戶 Ledger              會計(jì)科目 Account    會計(jì)分錄 Journal entry 
原始憑證 Source Document  日記帳 Journal     總分類帳 General Ledger               明細(xì)分類帳 Subsidiary Ledger                                        試算平衡 Trial Balance           現(xiàn)金收款日記帳 Cash receipt journal  現(xiàn)金付款日記帳 Cash disbursements journal            
銷售日記帳 Sales Journal                     購貨日記帳 Purchase Journal       普通日記帳 General Journal                    工作底稿 Worksheet
調(diào)整分錄 Adjusting entries                    結(jié)帳 Closing entries
3)現(xiàn)金與應(yīng)收帳款
現(xiàn)金 Cash       銀行存款 Cash in bank   庫存現(xiàn)金 Cash in hand  
流動資產(chǎn) Current assets  償債基金 Sinking fund   定額備用金 Imprest petty cash     支票 Check(cheque)              銀行對帳單 Bank statement 
銀行存款調(diào)節(jié)表 Bank reconciliation statement
在途存款 Outstanding deposit       在途支票 Outstanding check
應(yīng)付憑單 Vouchers payable        應(yīng)收帳款 Account receivable
應(yīng)收票據(jù) Note receivable          起運(yùn)點(diǎn)交貨價(jià) F.O.B shipping point
目的地交貨價(jià) F.O.B destination point      商業(yè)折扣 Trade discount   
現(xiàn)金折扣 Cash discount                  銷售退回及折讓 Sales return and allowance           壞帳費(fèi)用 Bad debt expense       備抵法 Allowance method               備抵壞帳 Bad debt allowance
損益表法 Income statement approach        資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表法 Balance sheet approach
帳齡分析法 Aging analysis method      直接沖銷法 Direct write-off method
帶息票據(jù) Interest bearing note      不帶息票據(jù) Non-interest bearing note
出票人 Maker   受款人 Payee  本金 Principal    利息率 Interest rate
到期日 Maturity date  本票 Promissory note  貼現(xiàn) Discount
背書 Endorse           拒付費(fèi) Protest fee
4)存貨
存貨 Inventory    商品存貨 Merchandise inventory    
產(chǎn)成品存貨 Finished goods inventory  在產(chǎn)品存貨 Work in process inventory         
原材料存貨 Raw materials inventory 起運(yùn)地離岸價(jià)格 F.O.B shipping point         
目的地抵岸價(jià)格 F.O.B destination
寄銷 Consignment       寄銷人 Consignor     承銷人 Consignee
定期盤存 Periodic inventory   永續(xù)盤存 Perpetual inventory
購貨 Purchase                購貨折讓和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts
存貨盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages
分批認(rèn)定法 Specific identification     加權(quán)平均法 Weighted average
先進(jìn)先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO       后進(jìn)先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO      移動平均法 Moving average   成本或市價(jià)孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM
市價(jià) Market value 重置成本 Replacement cost   可變現(xiàn)凈值 Net realizable value
上限 Upper limit  下限 Lower limit                     毛利法 Gross margin method
零售價(jià)格法 Retail method                      成本率 Cost ratio
5)長期投資
長期投資 Long-term investment      長期股票投資 Investment on stocks
長期債券投資 Investment on bonds     成本法 Cost method      
權(quán)益法 Equity method                                      合并法 Consolidation method    
股利宣布日 Declaration date  股權(quán)登記日 Date of record             除息日 Ex-dividend date      付息日 Payment date 債券面值 Face value, Par value
債券折價(jià) Discount on bonds     債券溢價(jià) Premium on bonds  
票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate       

市場利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate
普通股 Common Stock  優(yōu)先股 Preferred Stock 
現(xiàn)金股利 Cash dividends     股票股利 Stock dividends 清算股利 Liquidating dividends        
到期日 Maturity date             到期值 Maturity value        
直線攤銷法 Straight-Line method of amortization
實(shí)際利息攤銷法 Effective-interest method of amortization
6)固定資產(chǎn)
固定資產(chǎn) Plant assets or Fixed assets       原值 Original value  
預(yù)計(jì)使用年限 Expected useful life
預(yù)計(jì)殘值 Estimated residual value        折舊費(fèi)用 Depreciation expense    
累計(jì)折舊 Accumulated depreciation       帳面價(jià)值 Carrying value  
應(yīng)提折舊成本 Depreciation cost         凈值 Net value      
在建工程 Construction-in-process         磨損 Wear and tear         過時(shí) Obsolescence                                       直線法 Straight-line method (SL)
工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)     
加速折舊法 Accelerated depreciation method
雙倍余額遞減法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)
年數(shù)總和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)
以舊換新 Trade in    經(jīng)營租賃 Operating lease     
融資租賃 Capital lease  廉價(jià)購買權(quán) Bargain purchase option (BPO)       
資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表外籌資 Off-balance-sheet financing

最低租賃付款額 Minimum lease payments
7)無形資產(chǎn)
無形資產(chǎn) Intangible assets  專利權(quán) Patents    商標(biāo)權(quán) Trademarks, Trade names                  著作權(quán) Copyrights   特許權(quán)或?qū)I權(quán) Franchises       商譽(yù) Goodwill    開辦費(fèi) Organization cost    租賃權(quán) Leasehold       攤銷 Amortization
8)流動負(fù)債
負(fù)債 Liability    流動負(fù)債 Current liability    應(yīng)付帳款 Account payable
應(yīng)付票據(jù) Notes payable                                          貼現(xiàn)票據(jù) Discount notes
長期負(fù)債一年內(nèi)到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities
應(yīng)付股利 Dividends payable        預(yù)收收益 Prepayments by customers
存入保證金 Refundable deposits     應(yīng)付費(fèi)用 Accrual expense    
增值稅 Value added tax         營業(yè)稅 Business tax      
應(yīng)付所得稅 Income tax payable     應(yīng)付獎金 Bonuses payable
產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量擔(dān)保負(fù)債 Estimated liabilities under product warranties
贈品和兌換券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps
或有事項(xiàng) Contingency  或有負(fù)債 Contingent   或有損失 Loss contingencies
或有利得 Gain contingencies        永久性差異 Permanent difference
時(shí)間性差異 Timing difference         應(yīng)付稅款法 Taxes payable method
納稅影響會計(jì)法 Tax effect accounting method
遞延所得稅負(fù)債法 Deferred income tax liability method
9)長期負(fù)債
長期負(fù)債 Long-term Liabilities                               應(yīng)付公司債券 Bonds payable
有擔(dān)保品的公司債券 Secured Bonds
抵押公司債券 Mortgage Bonds        保證公司債券 Guaranteed Bonds
信用公司債券 Debenture Bonds        一次還本公司債券 Term Bonds
分期還本公司債券 Serial Bonds        可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債券 Convertible Bonds
可贖回公司債券 Callable Bonds         可要求公司債券 Redeemable Bonds
記名公司債券 Registered Bonds        無記名公司債券 Coupon Bonds
普通公司債券 Ordinary Bonds         收益公司債券 Income Bonds
名義利率,票面利率 Nominal rate         實(shí)際利率 Actual rate
有效利率 Effective rate     溢價(jià) Premium      折價(jià) Discount
面值 Par value  直線法 Straight-line method  實(shí)際利率法 Effective interest method
到期直接償付 Repayment at maturity     提前償付 Repayment at advance
償債基金 Sinking fund          長期應(yīng)付票據(jù) Long-term notes payable
抵押借款 Mortgage loan
10)業(yè)主權(quán)益
權(quán)益 Equity                                   業(yè)主權(quán)益 Owner’s equity     
股東權(quán)益 Stockholder’s equity                  投入資本 Contributed capital   
繳入資本 Paid-in capital                      股本 Capital stock
資本公積 Capital surplus                     留存收益 Retained earnings    
核定股本 Authorized capital stock      實(shí)收資本 Issued capital stock      非部分參加優(yōu)先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock
現(xiàn)金發(fā)行 Issuance for cash              非現(xiàn)金發(fā)行 Issuance for noncash consideration
股票的合并發(fā)行 Lump-sum sales of stock       發(fā)行成本 Issuance cost
成本法 Cost method                          面值法 Par value method        
捐贈資本 Donated capital                  盈余分配 Distribution of earnings      股利 Dividend                               股利政策 Dividend policy
宣布日 Date of declaration                            股權(quán)登記日 Date of record     
除息日 Ex-dividend date
股利支付日 Date of payment                       現(xiàn)金股利 Cash dividend     
股票股利 Stock dividend           撥款 appropriation
11)財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Financial Statement            資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 Balance Sheet    
收益表 Income Statement         帳戶式 Account Form    
報(bào)告式 Report Form           編制(報(bào)表) Prepare

工作底稿 Worksheet     多步式 Multi-step      單步式 Single-step
12)財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動表
財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動表中的現(xiàn)金基礎(chǔ) SCFP.Cash Basis
(現(xiàn)金流量表) 
財(cái)務(wù)狀況變動表中的營運(yùn)資金基礎(chǔ) SCFP.Working Capital Basis
(資金來源與運(yùn)用表) 
營運(yùn)資金 Working Capital         全部資源概念 All-resources concept
直接交換業(yè)務(wù) Direct exchanges    正常營業(yè)活動 Normal operating activities
財(cái)務(wù)活動 Financing activities     投資活動 Investing activities
13)財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析
財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表分析 Analysis of financial statements   
比較財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Comparative financial statements
趨勢百分比 Trend percentage                   比率 Ratios 
普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock           
股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio                 價(jià)益比 Price-earnings ratio       
普通股每股帳面價(jià)值 Book value per share of common stock
資本報(bào)酬率 Return on investment   總資產(chǎn)報(bào)酬率 Return on total asset
債券收益率 Yield rate on bonds    已獲利息倍數(shù) Number of times interest earned
債券比率 Debt ratio        優(yōu)先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock
營運(yùn)資本 Working Capital   周轉(zhuǎn) Turnover  存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率 Inventory turnover
應(yīng)收帳款周轉(zhuǎn)率 Accounts receivable turnover          
流動比率 Current ratio              速動比率 Quick ratio               酸性試驗(yàn)比率 Acid test ratio
14)合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表
合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 Consolidated financial statements     吸收合并 Merger 
創(chuàng)立合并 Consolidation            控股公司 Parent company      附屬公司 Subsidiary company          少數(shù)股權(quán) Minority interest
權(quán)益聯(lián)營合并 Pooling of interest        購買合并 Combination by purchase
權(quán)益法 Equity method            成本法 Cost method
15)物價(jià)變動中的會計(jì)計(jì)量
物價(jià)變動之會計(jì) Price-level changes accounting 
一般物價(jià)水平會計(jì) General price-level accounting
貨幣購買力會計(jì) Purchasing-power accounting
統(tǒng)一幣值會計(jì) Constant dollar accounting
歷史成本 Historical cost       現(xiàn)行價(jià)值會計(jì) Current value accounting
現(xiàn)行成本 Current cost        重置成本 Replacement cost      
物價(jià)指數(shù) Price-level index
國民生產(chǎn)總值物價(jià)指數(shù) Gross national product implicit price deflator 
(or GNP deflator)
消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù) Consumer price index (or CPI)   批發(fā)物價(jià)指數(shù) Wholesale price index
貨幣性資產(chǎn) Monetary assets         貨幣性負(fù)債 Monetary liabilities
貨幣購買力損益 Purchasing-power gains or losses   
資產(chǎn)持有損益 Holding gains or losses
未實(shí)現(xiàn)的資產(chǎn)持有損益 Unrealized holding gains or losses
現(xiàn)行價(jià)值與統(tǒng)一幣值會計(jì) Constant dollar and current cost accounting    

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